Te tātari hapa me ngā mahi ārai i ngā taputapu whakawhiti

He aha te taputapu whakawhiti?

Ko te taputapu whakawhiti he taputapu whakawhiti iti-ngaohiko kotahi, neke atu rānei, me ngā taputapu whakahaere, ine, tohu, tiaki, whakahaere me ētahi atu taputapu e pā ana, ko te kaihanga te kawenga mō ngā hononga hiko me ngā hononga miihini o roto katoa, he huihuinga katoa o ngā wāhanga hanganga. Ko te mahi matua o te kāpata whakawhiti ko te whakatuwhera me te kati, te whakahaere me te tiaki i ngā taputapu hiko i roto i te tukanga whakaputa hiko, tuku, tohatoha me te hurihanga hiko hiko. Ko ngā wāhanga o te kāpata whakawhiti ko te nuinga o te kaiwawao ara iahiko, te pana momotu, te pana kawenga, te tikanga whakahaere, te inductor tahi me ngā momo taputapu tiaki.

Te tātari hapa me ngā mahi ārai i ngā taputapu whakawhiti
Ko ngā taputapu whakawhiti hiko 12 ~ 40.5kV te nuinga o ngā taputapu teihana hiko i roto i te pūnaha whatunga hiko. I ngā tau tata nei, kua maha ngā aituā whakawhiti hiko, ā, kua hua ake he mate ōhanga, he whara me ētahi atu pānga kino ki te hapori.
Ko te tūponotanga huna o ngā aituā me ngā hapa ā-roto e aro nui ana ki te aratau waea, te kaha tuku pewa o roto, te whakamarumaru o roto, te wera me te ārai-hē, me ētahi atu. Mā te whakatakotoranga o ngā ārai kua whakaritea, ka tino whakaitihia te maha o ngā aituā o ngā kāpata whatunga whakawhiti me te mowhiti, ā, ka piki haere te pono o te mahi whatunga hiko.

1. He raruraru huna i roto i te aratau waea
1.1. Momo Tūpono Huna
1.1.1 Kei te hono tika te pūmau i roto i te kāpata pouaka whakaata ki te pahi
E ai ki ngā whakaritenga hoahoa noa, me whakaaetia te ārai ahi pouaka whakaata e te hononga pahi āputa, te whakaritenga tūranga whatanga pouaka whakaata, te aratau hononga me ngā momo rerekē, ka honoa ētahi ārai ahi pouaka whakaata mā te hononga pahi wehe ki te pahi, ina whakatikahia te pouaka whakaata, ka wehe atu i te ārai ahi wehe, ka utua tonu te ārai uira, ka uru mai ki te whare putunga mahi ka pāngia ngā kaimahi e te ru hiko. Ko te nuinga o te ārai ahi i roto i te kāpata pouaka whakaata he rite ki ngā momo waea e whai ake nei, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 2:

Kua huna te aratau hononga taputapu whakawhiti

1, aratau waea tuatahi: Kua tāutahia te pouaka whakaata me te pouaka whakaata ki te whare putunga o muri, kua tāutahia te fiusi ki te motuka, kua honoa tika te pouaka whakaata ki te pahi, kua honoa te pouaka whakaata mā te ringaringa wehe me te pahi;
2, aratau waea rua: Kua tāutahia te pouaka whakaata pouaka whakaata ki roto i te rūma pahi, kua honoa tika ki te pahi, kua tāutahia te pouaka whakaata me te fiusi ki runga i te motuka;
3, aratau waea tuatoru: Ka tāuta motuhake te kāpata pouaka whakaata i te whare putunga o muri, i te whare putunga o mua rānei, ka hono tika ki te pahi, te pouaka whakaata me te fiusi kua tāuta ki te motuka.
4, aratau waea whā: Kua tāutahia te pouaka whakaata me te fiusi ki te wāhanga kāpata pumau raupapa XGN, kua tāutahia te ārai motuhake ki tētahi atu wāhanga, e hono tika ana ki te pahi;
5, aratau waea rima: kua tāutahia te ārai uira, te pouaka whakaata me te fiusi ki te whare putunga o muri, kua hono tika te ārai uira ki te pahi, kua hono te pouaka whakaata ki te pahi mā te motuka ringa wehe;
6, aratau waea ono: kua tāutahia te ārai uira, te fiusi me te pouaka whakaata ki te motuka ringa kotahi, ka honoa te ārai uira ki te fiusi i muri i te atamira.
Nō te waea hē tēnei whakaritenga, ina pakaru te fiusi i te wā e mahi ana, ka ngaro te tiaki a te taputapu i te ārai.

1.1.2 Kāore te kāpata o raro o te kāpata pana i tino wehea mai i te kāpata o muri
Kāore i te tino wehea ngā kāpata o raro me ngā kāpata o muri o ētahi kāpata pana raupapa KYN, pērā i ngā kāpata pana matua whakawhiti-roto, ngā kāpata pana hononga wahine, me ngā kāpata pana whāngai. Ina tomo ngā kaimahi ki ngā kāpata o raro, ka pā pea rātou ki te pahi, ki te wāhanga ora rānei o te pane taura, ka hua ake he ru hiko.
Kāore te tūponotanga huna i wehea i waenga i te kāpata o raro me te kāpata o muri o te kāpata pana, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 3:

Pikitia 3 Kāore he tūponotanga huna i wehea i waenganui i te kāpata o raro me te kāpata o muri o te kāpata pana

1.2, ngā ārai
Me hanga anō te kāpata pana me te aratau waea huna kotahi.
Kei te whakaatuhia te hoahoa kauwhata o te whakawhiti aratau waea kāpata pana i te Pikitia 5:

PIK. 5 Kauwhata hoahoa o te whakawhiti o te aratau waea taputapu whakawhiti

1.2.1 Kaupapa whakahou hangarau mō te aratau waea o te ārai uira i roto i te kāpata pouaka whakaata
1, mō te aratau waea tuatahi, tangohia te ārai uira i roto i te wāhanga, kāore te aratau waea pouaka whakaata e rerekē, ka āraia te rūma pahi taketake mā roto i te kōhao pakitara, ka hurihia te ārai uira hei waka ā-ringa ārai fiusi i runga i te waka ā-ringa, ā, ka whakarara te ārai uira ki te ara iahiko fiusi me te pouaka whakaata.
2. Mō te aratau waea tuarua, tangohia te ārai uira i roto i te wāhanga pahi, nekehia te ārai uira ki te waka nekeneke ka tāuta anō ki roto i te fiusi me te ārai uira, tāpirihia te pereti tāutanga o te pouaka whakapā o raro, te ārai o te pouaka whakapā me te pūnaha takirere, tāutahia te pouaka whakaata ki te ipu o muri, ka hono atu ki te whakapā o raro o te waka ringa wehe mā te taura.
Ka taea te whakatinana i tēnei kaupapa ki te waka ā-ringa taketake, engari ka taea hoki te whakaaro ki te whakakapi i te waka ā-ringa hou.
3. Mō te aratau waea tuatoru, tangohia te ārai uira o te wāhanga taketake, nekehia te ārai uira ki te waka nekeneke ka tāuta anō ki roto i te fiusi me te ārai uira, katia te kōhao pakitara o te rūma pahi taketake, tāpirihia te pereti tāutanga o te pouaka whakapā o raro o te waka ringaringa, te ārai o te pouaka whakapā me te tikanga takirere, tāutahia te pouaka whakaata ki te wāhanga o muri ka hono atu ki te whakapā o raro mā te waea arataki.
Ka taea te whakatinana i tēnei kaupapa ki te waka ā-ringa taketake, engari ka taea hoki te whakaaro ki te whakakapi i te waka ā-ringa hou.

4. Mō te aratau waea tuawhā, tangohia te ārai i roto i ētahi atu wāhanga o te wāhanga, nukuhia te ārai ki te fiusi me ngā wāhanga o te wāhanga pouaka whakaata, honoa ki te pūmotu pana momotu, ka honoa kia whakarara ki te fiusi me te ara iahiko pouaka whakaata.
5, mō te aratau waea e rima, te ārai uira, te tūranga tāutanga pouaka whakaata kāore i rerekē, ko te mata ārai uira taketake e hono tika ana ki te hononga wehe o te motuka, ka tukuna te rūma pahi taketake mā roto i te kōhao pakitara.
6. Mō te aratau hononga 6, nō te hononga hē te aratau tahora. Kia honoa te fiusi i te wā e mahi ana, ka ngaro te tiaki o te taputapu i te ārai.
Tangohia te ārai uira me te fiusi i roto i te motuka ā-ringa taketake, whakarerekētia te tūnga waea, ka honoa te ārai uira ki te taha o runga o te fiusi, kia rite hoki ki te fiusi me te ara iahiko pouaka whakaata.

1.2.2 Ngā whakatūpato mō te wehenga kāore i oti i waenga i te kāpata o raro me te kāpata o muri o te kāpata whakawhiti
Nā te mea he pumau te hanganga o tēnei momo kāpata whakawhiti, ki te tāutahia te pereti wehewehe ki te whakawhiti, ka rerekē te āhua o tōna hanganga ā-roto me te tohatoha wāhi, ā, kāore e taea te whakamana i te mahi tiaki ā-roto o te hua. Nō reira, me whakaū te tiaki taha o te whakawhiti matua 10kV me te tiaki whakawhiti matua i mua i te mahi.

2. Kāore i te rawaka te kaha tuku pewa ā-roto
2.1 Ngā momo tūponotanga huna
I roto i te mahi tūturu, he hapa anō kei roto i te kāpata pana kati whakarewa, ā, me ngā āhuatanga mahi kino nā te hekenga o te mahi whakamahana, te mahi hē rānei me ētahi atu take, ka puta ai te hapa pewa o roto.
He teitei te pāmahana me te kaha o te pewa e puta mai ana i te ara iahiko poto. He hau plasma tino māmā te pewa tonu. I raro i te mahi a te hiko me te hau wera, ka neke te pewa i te tere teitei i roto i te kāpata, ā, ka tere te horapa o te awhe hapa.
I tēnei take, ka puta te hauhautanga, ka puta te pikinga o te pāmahana me te pēhanga o roto o te kāpata, ka hangaia, ka tāutahia rānei he hongere tuku pēhanga e tika ana, ka nui te pēhanga ka meinga te kāpata kia noho ki roto i te pereti a tētahi atu, ka huri te papa o te tatau, ngā inihi, ka pakaru te matapihi, ka puta te pewa i hangaia e te hau pāmahana teitei ka whakanohoia te kāpata ki roto i te tūranga a tētahi atu, ka puta he wera nui ki ngā kaimahi tiaki taputapu tata.
Ahakoa he mea mōrearea ki te ora.
I tēnei wā, kei reira ētahi raruraru pēnei i te korenga o te hongere whakaiti pēhanga i whakatakotoria, te koretake o te hongere whakaiti pēhanga i whakatakotoria, te korenga o te kaha tuku pewa ā-roto i whakamatautauria, i manatokohia hoki, ā, kāore te aromatawai i te tino pakari i te wā o te whakamātautau.

2.2, ngā ārai
[Kōwhiringa] Me rite te mahi a te pewa hapa ā-roto o te kāpata pana ki te taumata IAC, kaua te roanga o te pewa ā-roto e whakaaetia kia iti iho i te 0.5 hēkona, ko te ia whakamātautau he ia tu atu poto te whakatauranga.
Mō ngā hua he nui ake i te 31.5kA te iahiko pakaru ara iahiko poto kua whakatauria, ka taea te whakahaere i te whakamātautau pewa hapa ā-roto e ai ki te 31.5kA.
[Whakarerekētanga] Tāpirihia, whakarerekētia rānei te hongere whakaiti pēhanga, ā, whakahaerehia te whakamātautau pewa ā-roto me te manatoko i runga anō i ngā whakaritenga paerewa whakamātautau momo.
[Tiakitanga] Mā te pēhanga tika o te rerekētanga taumata tiaki matua o te whakawhiti hiko, ka whakaitihia te wā rahunga tonu o te pewa hapa.

3, raruraru whakamahana ā-roto
3.1 Momo tūponotanga huna
I ngā tau tata nei, kua whakaitihia te nui o ngā hua kāpata pana, kua piki ake te mahi whakamahana o ngā hapa kāpata, ā, kua piki ake ngā hapa.
Ko te mahi matua i roto i: kāore i te rawaka te tawhiti piki me te whakawātea hau, inā koa te kāpata ringaringa, he maha ngā kaihanga inaianei hei whakapoto i te rahi o te kāpata, hei whakaiti nui i te pakaru ara iahiko kua tāuta ki roto i te kāpata, te mono wehe me te tawhiti i waenga i te whenua, engari kāore i tangohia ngā mahi whai hua hei whakarite i te kaha o te whakamarumaru;
He ngoikore te tukanga huihuinga, nā te kounga huihuinga ngoikore, ka taea e te wāhanga kotahi o te kāpata pana te paahi i te whakamātautau pēhanga, engari kāore e taea e te kāpata pana katoa te paahi i muri i te huihuinga;
Kāore i te rawaka te kaha whakapā, kāore rānei i te pai te whakapā. Ina kāore i te rawaka te kaha whakapā, ina he kino te whakapā, ka piki ake te pāmahana o te rohe, ka heke te mahi whakamahana, ka puta he ngoikore o te whenua, he ngoikore rānei o te wāhanga.
I roto i te āhuatanga o te hauhautanga, he ngawari te pakaru o te whakamahana kua hangaia, kāore e taea te mahi noa, ā, i roto i te āhuatanga hauhautanga o te kāpata pana, ka whakaitihia te mahi whakamahana;
Te ngoikore o te mahi whakamarumaru o ngā taputapu tautoko.
Hei whakaiti i te utu, ka whakamahia e ētahi kaihanga he taumata whakamahana iti iho o ngā taputapu tautoko, kia whakaitihia ai te mahi whakamahana whānui o te kāpata pana.

3.2, ngā ārai
Kaua e whai noa i te whakaitiiti i ngā taputapu whakawhiti hiko. Me hoko e tātou ngā taputapu whakawhiti hiko e tika ana kia rite ki te āhuatanga o te kaupapa, te tahora o te teihana hiko, te whakahaere me te tiaki, te whakahou i ngā taputapu me ētahi atu āhuatanga.
Mō ngā taputapu e whakamahi ana i te hau, i te hau/rauemi ārai rānei hei reo ārai, me whai whakaaro ki te matotoru, te kaha o te papa hoahoa me te tawhito o te rauemi ārai, ā, me whakahaere e te kaihanga he whakamātautau hauhautanga e ai ki ngā whakaritenga paerewa;
Mō ngā wāhanga pēnei i te ringaringa pakitara i roto i te kāpata pana me te kāpata whatunga mowhiti, te takirere miihini, me te piko o te pae pahi, mēnā he iti iho i te 125mm (12kV) me te 300mm (40.5kV) te tawhiti whakamahana hau kupenga, me whai hipoki whakamahana te kaiārahi hiko.
Me mahi ngā mahi pēnei i te chamfering me te oro hei ārai i te whakapōturitanga o te mara hiko i ngā wāhanga e kukū ana te kaha o te mara, pērā i te pūwero tomo me te putanga, te takirere miihini me te kokonga o te pahi.
Ka tautokohia e te pae pahū i roto i te kāpata ētahi taputapu kāore e taea e te tawhiti whakamātao te tutuki i ngā tikanga ārai-paru, pērā i ngā pounamu porcelain. Rehuhia te paninga whakamātao RTV hei whakapai ake i ngā tikanga hangarau o te mahi a ngā taputapu tawhito.

4. He hapa kirika
4.1 Ngā momo tūponotanga huna
He kino te hononga o te pūwāhi koropiko, ka piki ake te ātete o te whakapā, ka kitea te raruraru wera, pērā i te korenga o te whakapā wehe.
Kāore i te whaitake te hoahoa o te hau o te kāpata whakarewa, kāore te hau e kawe, kāore te kaha ki te whakamahana i te wera e pai ana, ā, he nui ake ngā raruraru whakamahana i roto i te kāpata;
Ka hangaia e te anga pakitara, te whakawhiti iahiko me ētahi atu hanganga tāutanga he koropiko kati hikohiko, ka hua ake he iahiko hurihuri, ka puta he āhuatanga whakamahana nui o te rauemi whakamātao.
Kāore i te rawaka te diameter waea takai kua tīpakohia mō ngā taputapu maroke o te kāpata pana kua kati wāhanga (te whakawhiti iahiko momo maka, te whakawhiti ngaohiko momo maka, te whakawhiti momo maroke), kāore i te tino pakari te whakahaere tukanga maka, ā, he ngāwari ki te wera rawa.
4.2, ngā ārai
Whakakahangia te marara wera o te kāpata pana, ka tāutahia he pupuhi me te pā hau whakaoho;
Me te korenga o te hiko, me tirotiro te pēhanga pa o ngā hononga hihiri me ngā hononga tūmau, ā, me whakakapi mēnā e tika ana. I taua wā anō, me whakakapi te puna pa ngenge.
Whakanuia te rangahau mō te hangarau ine pāmahana i roto i te kāpata, me te whakamahi i ngā hangarau hou pēnei i te ine pāmahana ahokore hei whakaoti rapanga uaua o te ine pāmahana.

5, kāore i te tino tika te ārai i te raka hapa
5.1 Ngā tūponotanga mōrearea
Ko te nuinga o ngā kāpata pana he taputapu raka ārai-hapa, engari kāore tōna raka ārai-hapa whānui me te whakahau e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga.
Ka taea te whakatuwhera i tētahi wāhanga o te kāpata pana ārai i te tatau o muri, kāore he raka hapa, kāore he ārai wehewehe rua, ka taea te whakatuwhera i ngā wāhanga ora i muri i te pā tika, ā, he tīwiri hexagonal noa ngā tīwiri, he ngāwari te whakatuwhera i te tatau ki roto i te kāpata ora kia kore ai e pāngia e te ru hiko;
Wāhanga o te whakawhiti matua, te wahine, te pouaka whakaata, te whakawhiti me ētahi atu pana kāore he pana whenua, i muri i te tatau kāpata e whai ake nei me te pana whenua kāore i hanga he raka miihini, ka taea te tango i te tīwiri tika i muri i te whakatuwheratanga o te tatau, kāore i te kati i roto i te take o te tatau ka taea hoki te kati i te mana, he ngawari ki te whakatuwhera hē i ngā kaimahi tiaki, tomo ki te wā hiko, te aituā ru o ngā kaimahi;
Kāore e taea te raka i ngā wāhanga o runga, o raro hoki o te tatau o muri o ētahi kāpata pana motuhake, ā, ka rakahia te tatau o runga e te tatau o raro.
Ina kati te pana whenua putanga, ka tangohia te raka o te tatau o raro o te kāpata, ā, ka taea hoki te whakatuwhera i te tatau o muri o te kāpata, he mea ngāwari ki te puta he aituā ru hiko.
Pērā i te taputapu whakawhiti KYN28;
I muri i te tōia o ētahi waka whakawhiti ringa ki waho, ka taea te pana ngāwari i te poraka wehewehe whakamahana ki runga. Ki te kore e ārai i te raka tūpono, ka kitea te tinana kua utaina, ā, ka ngāwari te kaimahi ki te whakatuwhera i te ārai o te takirere whakapā tūmau o te whakawhiti mā te hē, ka hua ake he aituā ru hiko.

5.2, ngā ārai
Kāore i te tino tika te mahi ārai-hapa o te kāpata pana, ka taea te whakatuwhera i te tuara o te kuaha kāpata, ā, ka taea te whakatuwhera tika i ngā wāhanga ora o te kāpata pana ngaohiko teitei kua tāutahia he raka miihini, ka whirihorahia te raka hōtaka ārai-hapa rorohiko;
Tāutahia te hononga raka i waenganui i te pana whenua me te tatau o muri o te kāpata ki runga i te kāpata pana pēnei i te GG1A me te XGN, ka tāutahia he taputapu whakaatu ora hei raka i te mahi a te pana whenua.
Tirohia te pono o te taputapu ārai-hapa i ia wā, ā, tirohia hoki te taputapu raka miihini i waenga i te motuka ringaringa me te pana whenua, te pana momotu me te pana whenua mō te tūponotanga o te motuhanga hiko.

6, te whakamutunga
He taputapu matua nui ngā taputapu kāpata whakawhiti hiko i roto i te whatunga hiko. Hei whakarite kia pumau te mahi, me whakapakari te mana whakahaere i ngā āhuatanga katoa pēnei i te hoahoa, te rauemi, te tukanga, te whakamātautau, te whiriwhiri momo, te whakahaere me te tiaki.
I runga anō i ngā whakaritenga hoahoa noa, me ngā paerewa ā-motu me ngā paerewa ahumahi, ka whakatakotohia ngā whakaritenga hangarau hoahoa, ka whakakorea ngā tūponotanga huna o te waea;
E ai ki ngā paerewa ā-motu me ngā paerewa ahumahi, me ngā mahi ārai-aituā, ka whakatakotohia ngā whakaritenga tino pakari o ngā tuhinga tono taputapu, hei ārai i ngā hua kore tohu ki te mahi whatunga;
Whakakahangia te tirotiro hanga i te papaanga, kia tino tirohia ngā kaupapa matua o te hanga me te whakamātautau wheketere, me te aukati i ngā hua kore tohu kia wehe atu i te wheketere;
Te whakahaere kaha i te whakahaere hapa o te kāpata pana, te whakapakari i te whakatinanatanga o ngā mahi ārai-aituā;
Whakapai ake i te mahi ārai-hapa a te kāpata pana, whakapakari ake i te whakahaere o te taputapu raka ārai-hapa, tāutahia te taputapu whakaatu ora, me te mahi tahi me te pūnaha "ārai e rima", kia tika ai te raka ārai-hapa whānui me te whakahau.