Pūmau Konutea Waikura

Pūmau Konutea Waikuraheārai uirame te mahi tiaki pai.

TePūmau ārai konuteakoia te parenga hiko-nui rawa atu o te ao. Nā te whakaurunga o te waikura waikawapūmauhei ātete matua kōpae. Mā tēnei ka taea te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga o te volt-ampere o te kōpae ātete me te pikinga ake o te kaha o te iahiko i roto i ngā āhuatanga ngaohiko-nui, he whakapainga nui tēnei ina whakaritea ki te silicon carbide tikanga.ngā pūmauI raro i te ngaohiko mahi noa, kotahi noa te nekehanga maikoro-ampere o te iahiko e puta ana i te aukati. Inapūmauka pāngia e te āhuatanga ngaohiko toharite, ka whakanuia e ngā āhuatanga kore-raina pai te iahiko mā roto i te pūmau i ngā mano tini wā.pūmaukei roto i te āhua kawe hiko, ā, ka tukuna te pūngao ngaohiko nui ki te whenua, ā, mā reira ka tiakina ngā taputapu tuku hiko mai i ngā pānga o te ngaohiko nui.

Pūmau ārai konuteaHe momo hou o te arrester i whakawhanakehia i te tekau tau atu i 1970, ko te nuinga he mea hanga mai i te varistor konutea waikura. He ngaohiko whakawhiti motuhake tō ia varistor (e kiia nei ko te ngaohiko varistor) mai i te wā i hangaia ai. I raro i te ngaohiko mahi noa (arā, he iti iho i te ngaohiko varistor), he tino nui te uara varistor, he rite ki te āhua whakamarumaru. Engari i raro i te ngaohiko pānga (nui ake i te ngaohiko varistor), ka pakaru te varistor i te uara iti, he rite ki te āhua porowhita-poto. Heoi, i muri i te pānga o te varistor, ka taea e ia te whakahoki mai i te āhua whakamarumaru; Ina tangohia te ngaohiko i runga ake i te varistor, ka hoki ki te āhua ātete teitei. Nō reira, ki te tāutahia te arrester konutea waikura ki runga i te raina hiko, ina pā te uira, ka pakaru te varistor i te ngaohiko teitei o te ngaru uira, ā, ka rere te ia uira mā roto i te varistor ki te whenua. Ka taea te whakahaere i te ngaohiko i runga i te raina hiko i roto i te awhe haumaru, kia tiakina ai te haumaru o ngā taputapu hiko.

E whitu ngā āhuatanga o te pūmau ārai konutea:

Te kaha rere

Ko te nuinga o tēnei e whakaatahia ana i roto i te kaha o te pūmau uira ki te mimiti i ngā momo ngaohiko uira katoa, te ngaohiko auau mana, me te ngaohiko mahi.

Ngā āhuatanga tiaki

Ka whakamahia te pūmau ārai konutea hei tiaki i ngā momo taputapu hiko katoa i roto i te pūnaha hiko mai i te kino o te ngaohiko nui o ngā hua hiko, ā, he pai te mahi tiaki. Nā te mea he tino pai ngā āhuatanga o te pūmautanga kore-raina o te pepa takirere konutea, he torutoru rau noa iho ngā microamp o te iahiko e rere ana i raro i te ngaohiko mahi noa, he ngāwari ki te hoahoa i tētahi hanganga kore-āputa, kia pai ai te mahi tiaki, kia māmā ai, kia iti ai hoki te rahi. Ina uru mai te ngaohiko nui, ka tere te piki o te iahiko e rere ana i roto i te pereti takirere, ā, ka whakawhāiti i te kaha o te ngaohiko nui, ka tukuna te kaha o te ngaohiko nui. Whai muri i tēnā, ka whakahokia e te pereti takirere konutea te āhua o te ātete teitei kia pai ai te mahi a te pūnaha hiko.

Te mahi hiri

He pai te mahi tawhito o ngā wāhanga ārai uira, he pai te piri o te hau o te paninga hiato kounga teitei, mā te whakamahi i te mana whakahaere o te mowhiti hiri me te hiri paninga me ētahi atu tikanga, ko te paninga uku hei rauemi hiri, hei whakarite i te hiri pono, kia pumau ai te mahi a te ārai uira.

Ngā āhuatanga miihini o

Ko ngā āhuatanga e toru e whai ake nei ka whakaarohia nuitia: te kaha rū whenua e mau ana;

Te pēhanga hau mōrahi i runga i te pūmau;

Kei te tihi o te ārai te kumetanga mōrahi e whakaaetia ana o te waea.

Āhuatanga whakakore poke

He tino ātete te aukati konutea waikura kore-āputa ki te parahanga.

Ko te tawhiti ngoki motuhake i whakaritea e te paerewa ā-motu ko: Te rohe paru reo Akomanga II: te tawhiti ngoki motuhake 20mm/kV;

Te rohe parahanga taumaha Akomanga III: tawhiti ngoki motuhake 25mm/kV;

Wāhi tino poke o te Akomanga IV: tawhiti ngoki motuhake 31mm/kV.

Te pono o te mahi

Ko te pono o te mahi mō te wā roa e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kounga o ngā hua me te whiriwhiri tika o ngā hua. Ko te awe o te kounga o te hua ko ngā āhuatanga e toru e whai ake nei: te whaitake o te hanganga whānui o te aukati uira; ngā āhuatanga voltammetric me te ātete tawhito o te takirere konutea waikura; te mahi hiri o te aukati uira.

Te manawanui auau mana

Nā te mea he rite te pūnaha hiko ki te whenua kotahi-wāhanga, te pānga o te kaha o te raina roa me te whakakorenga kawenga me ētahi atu take, ka piki ake te ngaohiko auau mana, ka nui ake rānei te kaha o te ngaohiko whakawhiti, ā, ka roa te wā e taea ai e te ārai uira te tu atu i tētahi pikinga o te ngaohiko auau mana.

Mahi

He painga me he āhuatanga motuhake tō ia momo ārai uira, ā, me whakamahi i roto i ngā taiao rerekē kia pai ai te pānga ārai. I raro i te ngaohiko whakatauranga, he rite te ārai ki te ārai, ā, kāore he mahi. Mēnā he āhuatanga ohorere, he ngaohiko teitei rānei, ka mahi te ārai uira, ka arahina te ia ki te whenua hei tiaki pai i ngā taputapu hiko.

Whakarōpūtanga

E ai ki te taumata ngaohiko

Ka whakarōpūtia ngā ārai waikura konutea kia rite ki te uara ngaohiko kua whakatauria, ā, ka taea te wehewehe kia toru ngā wāhanga:

Kāwai ngaohiko teitei: E pā ana ki te raupapa o ngā ārai hau konutea i runga ake i te 66KV, e whitu ngā momo ka taea te wehewehe: 1000kV, 750kV, 500kV, 330kV, 220kV, 110kV, me te 66kV.

Kāwai ngaohiko waenga: E pā ana ki ngā hua raupapa aukati konutea waikura i roto i te awhe o te 3kV ki te 66kV (haunga ngā hua raupapa 66kV), ka taea te wehewehe kia whā ngā taumata ngaohiko: 3kV, 6kV, 10kV, me te 35KV.

Kāwai ngaohiko iti: E pā ana ki ngā hua raupapa aukati konutea waikura i raro i te 3KV (haunga ngā hua raupapa 3kV), ka taea te wehewehe kia whā ngā taumata ngaohiko: 1kV, 0.5kV, 0.38kV, me te 0.22kV.

E ai ki te iahiko tukunga ingoa

E ai ki te ia tukunga ingoa, e rima ngā akomanga e taea ai te wehewehe i ngā aukati konutea waikura: 20, 10, 5, 2.5, 1.5kA.

E ai kiwhakamahi

E whitu ngā momo o ngā ārai waikura konutea e ai ki tā rātou whakamahinga: te momo ara iahiko pūnaha, te momo teihana hiko pūnaha, te momo tohatoha pūnaha, te momo tiaki pēke pūnga utu whakawhiti, te momo rerewē hiko, te momo pūwāhi koretake o te motuka me te motuka, te momo pūwāhi koretake o te whakawhiti hiko.

E ai ki te hanganga

Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā ārai waikura konutea kia rua ngā momo, e ai ki ō rātou hanganga.

E whā ngā momo o te aukati konutea waikura e ai ki te ātete ki te parahanga. He momo noa te Akomanga ⅰ, ka whakamahia te Akomanga ⅱ ki te rohe parahanga waenga (tawhiti ngokingoki motuhake 20mm/KV), ka whakamahia te Akomanga ⅲ ki te rohe parahanga nui (tawhiti ngokingoki motuhake 25mm/KV), ā, ka whakamahia te Akomanga ⅳ ki te rohe parahanga tino nui (tawhiti ngokingoki motuhake 31mm/KV).

Panana Hiko: he mea hanga te parepare konutea waikura ki te rauemi rapa silicone hiko hei paninga, ā, ko te kōwhiringa o te pepa ātete konutea waikura mahi-teitei, he hanganga motuhake te whakamahinga o roto, he mea hanga mā te hangarau matatau, he rua ngā painga o te rauemi rapa silicone me te pepa ātete konutea waikura. Haunga ngā painga katoa o te parepare konutea waikura porcelain, he pai te mahi whakamarumaru o te raupapa hua, he ātete teitei ki te parahanga, he pai te mahi ātete-pahūtanga me te rahi iti, he mama, kāore he tiaki, he ngāwari ki te pakaru, he hiri pono, he ātete tawhito pai me ētahi atu painga.

E ai ki te mahi a te hanganga

E toru ngā momo o te pūmau ārai konutea waikura: kāore he āputa (W), me te āputa raupapa (C), me te āputa whakarara (B).

1. I ngā wā o mua, ko te kōwhiringa me ngā ngoikoretanga o ngā pūārai uira i whakaarohia anake te kaha o te mahi me ngā taumata kaha o te uira

E ai ki te paerewa ā-motu, me paku teitei ake te ngaohiko o te pito hiko o te pūnaha i te K whakarea o te ngaohiko ingoa (te ngaohiko whakatauranga rānei) Un o te pūnaha, arā, K=Um/Un (ko Um te ngaohiko teitei rawa atu o te pūnaha). Me taea e te whakamarumaru o ngā taputapu hiko te mahi mō te wā roa i raro i te Un. Ko te K mō ngā pūnaha 220kV me raro iho ko te 1.15, ā, mō ngā pūnaha 330kV me runga ake, K=1.1. Ka kitea anō hoki ngā mātāpono kua whakahuatia ake nei i te wāhanga tuatahi o te hoahoa o te ārai.

2. Te whiriwhiri me te hiahia mō te ārai uira hei whakarite i te mahi i raro i te ngaohiko whenua kotahi-wāhanga me te haumaru o te pūnaha hiko

Mai i te tirohanga o te mahi haumaru, me tutuki hoki i te kōwhiringa o te ngaohiko whakatauranga o te pūmau ngā mātāpono e whai ake nei:

(1) Me teitei ake te ngaohiko whakatauranga o te pūmau konutea waikura i te ngaohiko whakawhiti auau mana ka puta pea i tōna tāutanga. I roto i te pūnaha whenua kūpapa o te 110kV me runga ake, ka taea te whiriwhiri kia rite ki te tikanga i runga ake nei.

(2) i roto i te pūnaha whenua ā-korekore 110 kv me raro iho, ka whakatauhia e te tari hiko hiko i raro i te tikanga o te whenua kotahi-wāhanga kia rere 2 h, ā, i ētahi wā ka puta i roto i te whenua pewa wā-poto te rere o te ngaohiko nui atu i te 2 h ki te kimi hapa, ko tēnei momo āhuatanga whakahaere pūnaha o te aukati uira konutea waikura te mahi haumaru i raro i te ngaohiko whakatauranga 10 s he tino mōrearea. Ā, he rerekē te hoahoa o te aukati konutea waikura me te aukati SiC (ko te mea whakamutunga he āputa pewa, ko te mea o mua kāore he āputa, he āputa wehewehe anake rānei), nō reira i roto i te mahi ka hinga te aukati konutea waikura me ngā aituā pahūtanga nui. I te aroaro o tēnei āhuatanga, he maha ngā tari tuku hiko me ngā whare hoahoa hiko kua whakatakoto i ngā momo uara ngaohiko whakatauranga (pēnei i te 14.4kV, 14.7kV, me ētahi atu) e ai ki ngā tikanga whatunga hiko ā-rohe. I roto i te whakamātautau kawenga mahi o ētahi pepa kōrero paerewa ā-motu, ka piki ake te manawanui ngaohiko whakatauranga o te 10s ki te 1.2 ~ 1.3 ngā wā, kia urutau ai te aukati konutea waikura ki te pūwāhi koretake. kua whakapaitia te pūnaha whenua kore-tika.

Nā te iti rawa o te ngaohiko whakatauranga o te pūmau konutea waikura, ka mahi te pūmau i raro i te ngaohiko whenua kotahi-wāhanga, i raro rānei i te maha o ngā ngaohiko whakawhiti. I te panui haumaru 17 o te 30 o Oketopa 1993, i whakaarohia e te Tari Tirotiro Haumaru me te Whakaritenga Whakaputa te whakahounga o te pūmau.

I te wā whakawhiti i waenga i te panuitanga me te whakahounga o te paerewa hou, ka whakaarohia ngā ture hoahoa e whai ake nei mō te whiriwhiri i te ngaohiko whakatauranga me te ngaohiko mahi tonu o te aukati konutea waikura i roto i te pūnaha kore-whenua kūpapa: ko te ngaohiko whakatauranga he 1.2-1.3 ngā wā o te hoahoa ngaohiko tinei pewa SiC tohutoro, ā, ko te ngaohiko mahi tonu ko te ngaohiko raina teitei rawa atu o te mahi pūnaha.

Nā te mea kāore he paerewa kotahi mō ngā raraunga taketake o runga ake nei, ka rerekē te hoahoa me te hanga i waenga i te kaihanga o ngā taputapu ārai uira me te kaiwhakamahi.

3, whakatinanahia te putanga 2000 o te paerewa hou, he kōwhiringa haumaru me te whaitake o te mooni o te aukati uira

I roto i te paerewa hou o Haina i te tau 2000 (GB11032-2000), kua mōhiotia te mātāpono mō te kōwhiringa ngaohiko whakatauranga i runga ake i te 1.2-1.3 ngā wā, engari he whakaritenga hou kei te kōwhiringa o te ngaohiko mahi tonu: mai i te whakaata o te roanga mahi a te arrester o te 1.5Un//U1mA hei uara tohutoro hei tīpako (hoahoa) i te ngaohiko mahi tonu a te arrester. Ki te taumata hoahoa me te hanga o te arrester ā-rohe, ko te uara whānui ko te 80%, nō reira ko te ngaohiko mahi tonu ka tīpakohia ko te 0.8 ngā wā o te ngaohiko whakatauranga. E tautokona ana tēnei e te rohe iti o te au o te pihi voltammetry.

Nō reira, i roto i te mahi, me whai whakaaro ki te taumata ngaohiko nui o te mahi whenua kotahi-wāhanga 1h i te wā e whakahaerehia ana te tatau whakaata i runga i ngā tikanga motuhake, i te whiriwhiri rānei i te kaitukino i runga i te wheako me te mahi. Heoi, he maha ngā uara ngaohiko whakatauranga he rerekē paku mai i ngā uara o runga ake nei i roto i ngā whakaaetanga hangarau a ngā kaiwhakamahi, tae atu ki ngā tuhi o ngā whare hoahoa hiko, ki taku whakaaro he mea kore e tika (pēnei i te 16.5kV me te 16.7kV i roto i te 10kV, me ētahi atu). Ko te take i roto i te tukanga hoahoa tuturu o te kaitukino uira, ko te uara ngaohiko whakatauranga i roto i te pihi volt-ampere kei roto i te rohe iahiko iti, he iti iho i te uara U1mAAC, kāore e taea te whai i te rerekētanga ngawari i roto i te hoahoa tuturu o te kaitukino uira; Hei tāpiri, mai i te kōrero e whai ake nei, i runga anō i ngā whakaritenga o te paerewa motu hou ki te whiriwhiri i te whakamahinga haumaru i raro i te ngaohiko nui kua whakaaetia (e pā ana tēnei ki te pūnaha kore whenua).

4. Kōwhiringa pūtaiao o te aukati konutea waikura kore whenua e ai ki te paerewa hou o te putanga 2000

(1) Me whiriwhiri te ngaohiko whakatauranga, ā, me hoahoa kia rite ki te uara whai hua mōrahi o te ngaohiko auau mana e whakaaetia ana e pā ana ki ngā pito o te pūmau, kia taea ai te mahi tika i raro i te ngaohiko tauwhiro i whakatauhia i roto i te whakamātautau kawenga mahi kua tohua. Me whiriwhiri te ngaohiko whakahaere tonu kia taea ai te RMS pumau i waenga i ngā pito o te pūmau. I tēnei wā, me teitei te ngaohiko tukunga auau mana kia kore ai e mahi te whakamahana o te taputapu tiakina i raro i te ngaohiko whakahaere me te kore tiaki, kia roa ai te ora ratonga, ā, me whai whakaaro ki te taumata tuturu o te tere utu me te ngaohiko toenga o te pūmau konutea waikura i hangaia i Haina.

(2) Ki te nui ake te pikinga o te ngaohiko auau mana, ki te teitei ake rānei te ngaohiko whakamātautau whakamarumaru o te taputapu, me whiriwhiri te ngaohiko teitei ake o te pūmau konutea waikura. Me rite, me nui ake rānei te whiriwhiringa o te ngaohiko tohutoro auau mana i te ngaohiko kua whakatauria. He pai ake te whakatutuki i ēnei tohu e rua i roto i ngā whakaritenga paerewa ā-MOTU hou, ka kitea hoki te tatau e whai ake nei hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te ngaohiko nui. Ngā whakaritenga paerewa ā-motu, kia 2 hāora te mahi whenua kotahi-wāhanga me te kore mahi. I roto i te take tino kino, ina puta te whenua kotahi-wāhanga me te whakakorenga kawenga i te wā kotahi, ko te ngaohiko nui rawa atu ka taea te tatau mā te ariā ko te 1.99 ngā wā, ā, ko te ngaohiko whakahaere tonu e whakaaetia ana UC (uara whai hua) o te pūmau konutea waikura ka tohua penei:

I tīpakohia te ngaohiko whakatauranga (Ur≈1.25 UC) i runga anō i te paerewa utu ā-motu o te 0.8, ā, i tutuki katoa i ēnei whakaritenga. Mena ka whakamahia te whenua pewa me te ngaohiko nui whakaharahara me te tūponotanga mawhiti teitei, me tutuki te ngaohiko whakatauranga: pēhi anō?=0.8 Tīpakohia te ngaohiko whakahaere tonu, e tutuki ana hoki i ēnei whakaritenga.

Hei whakarāpopototanga, ko te uauatanga matua o te whiriwhiri i te pūmau he whakatau i te whānuitanga o te ngaohiko rangitahi. He mea tika kia whakarite kia haumaru, kia tika hoki te mahi i raro i te ngaohiko whakahaere teitei me te ngaohiko āhuarangi, ā, kia kore ai te pereti takirere e mahi i raro i te ngaohiko rangitahi.

I tēnei wā, me whakarite te whiriwhiringa momo me te hoahoa o te pūmau kia kore ai e mahi te pūmau konutea waikura teitei rawa atu o te pūnaha ina tūhono ana ki te whenua kotahi-wāhanga mō te 2 hāora, ki te kore ka puta he hinganga wera, he pahūtanga rānei o te pūmau konutea waikura.

Nō reira, he mea tika kia tīpakohia te pūnaha kore whenua kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga hou.

Engari i roto i te pūrere pūnga whenua koiri pehanga pewa, ka iti rawa te ngaohiko whenua, kātahi ka taea te whiriwhiri i te iti e ai ki te tātaitanga mahi o te ngaohiko whakatauranga me te ngaohiko whakahaere tonu hei hanga i te mahi aukati uira konutea waikura i raro i te ngaohiko whakahaere iti, te pūrere tiaki pūnga, engari ki te kore koe e watea, ka taea hoki te whiriwhiri i te pūnaha whenua kore.

Nā te mea kua whakaarohia te ārai o te pou pūnga ki te whenua e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga whenua wāhanga-kotahi 2h.

Ahakoa e mahi ana i te ngaohiko iti iho i te ngaohiko whakatauranga, kāore te aukati e mahi, ā, e kore hoki e whakararu i te taputapu pūngao hiko nui rawa atu.

I te katoa, ko te take o tēnei ko te korenga o te whakawātea tika o ngā pereti takirere raupapa konutea waikura i roto i te raupapa, kāore e taea e ngā ātete ārai uira konutea waikura te tu atu i te neke atu i te 1.99 ngā wā o te ngaohiko nui, nā te kōwhiringa tohutoro ngaohiko SiC o te ārai uira konutea waikura kāore e taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga, me piki ake hei whakarite i te haumaru o te ārai, pērā i te korenga o ngā raraunga whakaata tūturu.

He tika ake te uara i tūtohutia e whakatinanahia ana i roto i te wairua o te paerewa ā-motu nā te mea e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga mōrahi.