Te Whakarōpūtanga me te Kōwhiringa o te Mono Taura Ngaohiko Teitei

1) Te taura mono 110 ~ 220kV

I roto i te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu GIS whakakotahi, ka arahina te whakawhiti hiko, te GIS rānei i ētahi wā mai i te whakawhiti hiko, i te GIS rānei mā te taura ngaohiko-tiketike hei utu mō te pūmau tuku iho. He maha ngā momo pito taputapu taura ngaohiko-tiketike, he mea tino nui te whiriwhiri i te GIS e tika ana, te tāutanga whakawhiti hiko me te taura, te whakamātautau me te whakahaere me te tiaki ā muri ake nei.

1.1 Momo pūrua taputapu

Ko te whāngai taura i runga i ngā taputapu ngaohiko teitei e whakamahia ana mō te whakapiri ā-ringa o te whāngai taura me te hononga whakawhiti hiko ki te tinana whakawhiti hiko, ki te tinana taputapu GIS rānei. Mā te ringaringa epoxy i te pito taura ka ārai i te hinu whakamahana, i te hau SF6 rānei kia kore e uru ki roto i te tinana taura. Hei whakaoti i te raruraru whakamahana hiko o te pito taura i roto i te kōhao anga kapia epoxy, ko te otinga tuku iho ko te whakakī i te kōhao anga ki te hinu, ki te hau SF6 rānei. Ko te pito taputapu o tēnei momo taura ngaohiko teitei e kiia ana ko te momo whakakī-hinu (pupuhi rānei), e mōhiotia ana ko te momo mākū. He iti ake te whakamahinga o tana tikanga utu, he mea whakakī ki te hinu.

Me whakaoti e te pūnga o ngā taputapu mākū kua whakakiia ki te hinu te hononga hiko me te mīhini me te tāutanga ki te whare putunga taura kei te papaanga. I roto i te whakamātautau me te tāutanga o te mara, me mahi tahi ngā kaimahi o te kaihanga taputapu pēhanga teitei ki te whakaoti i te utu me te tuku i te hau (hinu) me ētahi atu mahi o te whare putunga taura, ā, he tino uaua te tukanga mahi. Ko ētahi pūnga whakakī hinu he mea hono ki te manawa (me te mahi urunga hinu rite ki te whakawhiti); ko ētahi me whakamahi i te huarahi korehau hei whakatutuki i te werohanga hinu o te anga kapia epoxy, he tino uaua. E whakaatu ana te ahua i raro nei i te pūnga taura 110kV kua whakakiia ki te hinu hei huihui ki runga i te taputapu whakauru GIS.

Ko tētahi atu momo taura hiko ngaohiko teitei mā te arotau i te hoahoa hanganga, i whakatinanahia te koeko ahotea me te pane o te taura taura kapia epoxy mō te mata o roto o te anga, kāore he pa atu, ā, he pai te tohatoha ōrite o te raina hiko, me te kore he anga ki te hinu whakakī kapia epoxy (hau) e whakaoti pai ana i te raruraru o te kōhao ringaringa hiko, e kiia ana tēnei momo taunga he taputapu taunga maroke.
Kāore he hinu i roto i te taura hiko ngaohiko teitei maroke, ā, kua kati katoa, nō reira kāore e herea te tūranga o te taura, ā, ka taea te hono i waenga i te taura me te taputapu GIS, te whakawhiti hiko rānei ki ngā ahunga rerekē e ai ki ngā hiahia o te wāhi.
E whakaatu ana te pikitia e whai ake nei i tētahi taura maroke i huihuia mai i te wāhanga o raro o te ipu whakauru taura kei te taha o te whakawhiti hiko.

E ai ki ngā āhuatanga huihuinga o ngā taura hiko ngaohiko teitei maroke, ka taea te wehewehe kia toru ngā wāhanga.
Ko te momo tuatahi ko te momo tikanga, arā, he anga me te taura kapia epoxy, he tāutanga me te whakamātautau whakauru o te koeko ahotea.
He rite tonu te tukanga tāutanga i te parae ki te pūnaha mākū, engari kāore te anga i whakakīia ki te hinu (hau).
I roto i ngā mahi whakamātautau me te tāutanga o te parae, me mahi tahi tonu ngā kaimahi o te kaihanga taputapu ngaohiko teitei me te parae ki te whakaoti i te mahi utu me te tuku (hinu) o te whare putunga taura, ā, he tino uaua te tukanga mahi me te mahi whakawhiti o te tāutanga whānui.
Ko te momo tuarua he momo mono-whakauru, ka taea te tāuta motuhake i te ringaringa kapia epoxy o te taura mai i te taura me te koeko ahotea, engari kāore e taea te whakamātautau motuhake.
Kua tāutahia he taputapu raka puna ki runga i te tokotoko kawe hiko e whakapikohia ana ki te pūtake taura. Ina whakauruhia te pito taura ki roto i te ringaringa epoxy, ka puta aunoa te taputapu raka puna ki waho ka raka i te pito taura ki roto i te ringaringa epoxy kia kore ai e paheke.
Kia whakaurua, kāore e taea te hutia anō te pito taura o tēnei momo taura.
He rite tonu te tukanga tāutanga o te taura mono-mai ki tērā o te karaehe tuatahi. Hei tauira, mō ngā taputapu GIS whakakotahi, ka taea te tāuta i te pūeru kapia epoxy ki runga i te ipu whakauru CABLE o te GIS i mua i te wheketere. Ka taea e te pūeru kapia epoxy te wehe katoa i te hau SF6 i roto i te ipu whakauru taura mai i waho, ka whakaiti i te mahi tahi a te kaihanga i te papaanga.
Heoi, ki te puta he raruraru i roto i te whakamātautau taura, ā, me rongoā, me utu tonu te hau i roto i te taura me te tuku ki roto i te ipu taura.
Hei tāpiritanga, ina whakamahia ngā taura mono-mai i roto i ngā whakawhiti hiko, he rite tonu te mahi tāutanga me te whakamātautau ki ngā taura taura tikanga o te akomanga 1.
E whakaatu ana te pikitia e whai ake nei i tētahi taura mono-mai kua monohia ki tētahi taputapu GIS.

Ko te momo tuatoru ko te taura mono me te kume, ka taea te tāuta motuhake i te anga, te taura, te koeko ahotea, ka taea hoki te whakamātautau motuhake;
Ka taea te whakauru, te kume rānei i te pane o te taura.
Ko tōna hanganga te mea tino māmā, te mea tino watea hoki mō te tāutanga.
E rua ngā momo taura mono ka taea te whakamahi anō me te kore e taea te whakamahi anō.
Ko te taura ka taea te huihui anō mā te tango i ngā wāhanga o te mono pito taura ka kiia he taura mono ka taea te whakamahi anō; ki te kore, he taura mono kāore e taea te whakamahi anō.
Ko ngā āhuatanga o te tāutanga mara o te taura mono-whakauru ko ēnei:
(1) Ka taea te tāuta me te hono i te anga kapia epoxy ki te GIS, ki te whakawhiti hiko rānei i mua i te wā, ā, ka taea hoki te whakamātautau me te GIS, te whakawhiti hiko rānei i te wā kotahi;
(2) whakaotia noa te huihuinga o te wāhanga pane taura i te wāhi;
(3) ka taea te whakamātautau motuhake i te taura me te ringaringa whakamātautau, me te kore e tautokohia e ngā kaihanga taputapu;
(4) Kia oti te whakamātautau, whakauruhia te taura ki roto i te anga kapia epoxy, ā, whakaotia te tāutanga i muri i te tāutanga o te waea whenua.
E whakaatu ana te pikitia e whai ake nei i te hoahoa kauwhata o tētahi pūrua mono noa.

Ka taea te whakamahi i te taura mono-mai me te pouaka GIS hei hanga i te hononga "momo-T" o te taura.
E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 5 i te hononga taura "T" kua tāuta ki roto i te kauhanga, ka taea te mahi i te hononga kotahi ki roto, e rua ki waho o te taura.
Ka taea e ia te whakatutuki i ngā mahi e whai ake nei: (1) Ina hiahiatia te tāpiri i te raina puta atu ki te whakawhiti o te teihana hiko tawhito, ka taea e te hononga momo "T" te karo i te whakanui ake i te wā GIS;
(2) I te wāhanga waenga o te taura, mā te whakamahi i ngā waea momo "T" ka taea te tuku hiko ki ngā kaiwhakamahi hou;
③ Mena he raina putanga roa engari kāore anō kia tutuki i ngā tikanga, kāore e taea te tāuta i te raina putanga me te whakamahi i te ara waea momo "T" i rahuitia te tūranga putanga me te tāuta i te mono whakamahana motuhake, ka taea te whakamahi i te raina matua;
④ Ina whakatakotoria ngā taura e rua kia whakarara mai i te teihana hiko mō te wā roa, he pai ake te whiriwhiri i tētahi putanga taura kotahi, me te whakamahi i te aratau hononga "T" hei tuku hiko i te pūwāhi peka.
Hei tāpiritanga, ina rahua tētahi o ngā taura mahi e toru e honoa ana e te "T", ka taea te unuhia te taura hapa, ā, ka taea tonu e ngā taura e rua te whakahaere i muri i te tāutanga o te mono whakamahana motuhake.

1.2 Te whakataurite mahi me te mātāpono whiriwhiri o te taura taputapu ngaohiko teitei
Ka taea e ngā momo taura hiko ngaohiko teitei katoa te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te paerewa ā-motu IEC60859, ā, he rerekē ngā āhuatanga o ngā momo taura katoa i roto i te tāutanga, te whakamātautau, te whakahaere me te tiaki me te whakahaere hapa.
Me rite te mahi hiko, te pāmahana mahi me te roa o te mahi o te taura ki te taura i te kōwhiringa.
Me whakarite te hanganga o te taura kia pai te tohatoha o te mara hiko, kia kore ai hoki e whakaiti i te whakamahana.
Ko tōna tikanga, ko ēnei āhuatanga e whai ake nei:
(1) Te mahi hiko.
Ko te mea matua e whakaarohia ana ko te tika o te tohatoha o te mara hiko o ngā taputapu taura, te tika o ngā mahi hei whakapai ake i te tohatoha o te mara hiko, te kaha hiko o ngā rauemi, te ngaronga hiko me te tawhē whakamarumaru o ngā hua, me ētahi atu.
I taua wā anō, me whai whakaaro ki te pumau o ngā āhuatanga hiko, tae atu ki ngā āhuatanga matū me ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te pumau hanganga o ngā rauemi taputapu taura.
Hei tauira, mēnā he pumau te mahi a ngā rauemi whakahaere ahotea, mēnā he ngāwari te whakapēhanga o te koeko ahotea, te awe o te whakahokinga o te whakamarumaru taura ki te tohatoha o te mara hiko o ngā taputapu taura me ngā mahi ārai, te hototahitanga o ngā momo rauemi, te pumau o ngā āhuatanga atanga, me ētahi atu.
Hei tāpiritanga, me whai whakaaro anō hoki ki te mahi wera o ngā taputapu taura, pērā i te ngaronga hiko-kore, te ātete pa o te hononga ara iahiko me tōna pumau, te tukunga ara iahiko, te whānui me te whakahekenga wera o ngā āhuatanga hiko me te ā-pūkaha o ia wāhanga.
(2) Te mahi hiri.
He pānga tika te hiri ātete-makuku ki te mahi hiko me te roa o te mahi a ngā taputapu taura.
He pono, he pumau hoki te hanganga hiri o te kāpeka.

(3) Ngā āhuatanga ā-ringa.
Me nui te ātete ki te piko me te ru o te tauranga.
(4) Te mahi a te tukanga.
He mea nui te mahi o te tukanga mō te hoahoa me te whiriwhiri i ngā taputapu taura. Me tino māmā te tukanga tāutanga, me watea mō te hanganga o te papa, ā, me poto te wā hanga.
Kāore ngā hua kounga teitei e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā whakaritenga taiao o te papaanga me te taumata hangarau o ngā kaimahi tāutanga;
He ngāwari te whakahaere i te kounga tāutanga, he kounga pono, me ētahi atu.
Ka taea te tāuta i ngā pito taura takitahi, me te kore e hiahiatia he whakaritenga mō te tukunga hinu me te hau mai i ngā kaihanga whakawhiti hiko, GIS rānei, ā, ka taea hoki te whakamana i te kounga o te tāutanga.
(5) E tika ana mō ngā whakaritenga o te kaupapa.
He āhuatanga motuhake tō ngā momo taputapu taura, me whiriwhiri te kōwhiringa o ngā taputapu taura i runga i ngā whakaritenga whakamahinga tuturu.
(6) Te pūnaha whakapūmau kounga a te kaihanga.
Ina puta ngā taputapu taura kua oti te hanga i te wheketere, ka whakaratohia e te kaihanga ngā wāhanga me ngā rauemi pēnei i ngā wāhanga rapa kua oti te hanga, ngā koeko ahotea kua oti te hanga, ngā ringaringa porcelain, ngā anga me ngā impregnators, ka huihuia hei pito whakauru, hei hononga rānei i te wā e tāuta ana ki te papaanga.
Ka pā tika te kounga o te hanga me te tukanga tāutanga o ia wāhanga ki te kounga o ngā taputapu taura.
Me whakauru atu ki tēnei kaupapa whakapūmau kounga ēnei mea e whai ake nei: ① Me whakahaere noa te whakamātautau wheketere i ngā wāhanga matua (pēnei i te koeko ahotea rapa, te ringaringa kapia epoxy GIS, te kaihoko whakakī, me ētahi atu).
Tirohia marietia mēnā he pono ngā taputapu whakamātautau me te ine, he whai hua ngā tikanga whakamātautau, he pai te whakangungu o ngā kaimahi whakamātautau, ā, kua oti ngā tuhinga whakamātautau;
(2) Mehemea he tino whakangungua ngā kaimahi tāuta me ngā kaimahi hanga e tukuna ana e te kaihanga, ā, he nui hoki ō rātou wheako hanga;
(3) Mehemea he pai te mahi tahi i waenga i ngā tari rerekē o te kaihanga;
(4) Ngā tuhinga hokohoko me ngā mahi o mua.
I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i te taura, me whai whakaaro nui ki te whakamātautau me te tiaki i muri i te huihuinga taura me te whakamātautau me te tiaki i te hapa taura. Me ngāwari te whakahaere i te whakamātautau me te tiaki motuhake o te taura, te whakawhiti hiko me te GIS me te kore e pokanoa tetahi ki tetahi.
He mea nui anō hoki te whiriwhiri i te āheinga whakawhiti, te whakamahinga anō, te kore tiaki, te hanganga kiato me te utu hua o ngā taura.

E rua, 10 ~ 35kV te taura mono
2.1 Momo pūrua taputapu
He maha ngā momo pane mono taura, ā, ko te tikanga ka wehea ēnei ki ngā tauira o Amerika me Ūropi.
Ko te mahi matua o te mono taura he hono i te taura kotahi-wāhanga, toru-wāhanga rānei ki te kāpata pana, te whakawhiti hiko, te kāpata whatunga mowhiti, te pouaka taputapu taura me ētahi atu taputapu hiko.
Hangaia te mono i mua me muri i te kotahi te mono, te mono i mua me muri i te hanganga o te mono ki te hanganga ngongo T, te ngongo T mō te kōhao whakapae poutū me te kōhao poutū, te mono, te mono i mua me muri i te mono i mua me muri i te mono i te hononga raupapa whakapae, te T te anga kōhao poutū me ngā pito waea, te tihi o te raina pēhi i te pito kua rite ki te pēhanga,
Kei te kōhao whakapae o te mono o mua me te mono o muri he taputapu hono, ā, ka honoa te taputapu hono ki te putanga pēhi waea, ka honoa hoki te pito pēhi waea ki te taura.
He mea hanga kē ngā hononga me ngā mono o mua, o muri hoki i te wheketere, he ngāwari te whakauru me te whakaputa hiko, he iti te rahinga, he kiato te hanganga, he māmā te tāutanga, he tino haumaru, ka taea te whakamahi i roto i ngā kāpata pana me te raina peka taura me ētahi atu wāhi, he pai mō te tāutanga o roto, o waho rānei.

He maha atu ngā ingoa īngoa o te upoko mono taura, te hononga tuke, te hononga T, te taura taura wehewehe, me ētahi atu ingoa anō hoki.
Ko te tikanga, me arotahi te taumata ngaohiko ki te 10kV me te 35kV, ā, ko te tauira tono ka wehea kia rua ngā momo: Pākehā me Amerika.
Ko ngā rerekētanga matua i waenga i te whakaritenga o te pae pahi me te pane taura o Amerika me Ūropi he rerekē, te whakaritenga whakapae o Amerika, me te whakaritenga poutū o Ūropi.
Nō Ūropi te ahua i raro nei.

Ko te pane mono taura Pākehā e honoa ana mā te momo pūtu ārai;
He pai mō te kāpata pana mowhiti, te pouaka tohatoha taura, te teihana hiko momo pouaka (taura hiko hono-whiti) te pūwāhi tomo me te putanga, me te hononga miro paipa whakamahana takirua.
Kei te paparanga o waho he paparanga ārai-ārahi, ka taea te pā atu hei whakarite i te haumaru whaiaro;
Ko te hanganga koeko ahotea ahurei ka whakamarara i te ahotea o te mara hiko, ka whakaoti i te tapahi paparanga tiaki taura;
Te raruraru ahotea o te mara hiko;
Ka taea te whakawhānui, te wetewete ngāwari me te huihuinga, ka taea te whakaoti i te hononga taura momo "T";
Ārai hauā, ārai wera, tiaki pai, kore tiaki, ārai waipuke, ārai parahanga.