Te Mātauranga Taketake mō te Taputapu Whakawhiti Ngaohiko Teitei

He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā kāpata pana hiko-teitei i roto i ngā pūnaha tohatoha hiko hei whiwhi me te tohatoha i te hiko. Ka taea te whakauru, te whakamutu rānei i tētahi wāhanga o ngā taputapu hiko, o ngā raina rānei, kia rite ki te whakahaere o te whatunga hiko, ā, ka taea te tango wawe i te wāhanga pakaru mai i te whatunga hiko ina pakaru te taputapu hiko, te raina rānei, kia pai ai te mahi o te wāhanga pakaru o te whatunga hiko, me ngā taputapu me te haumaru o ngā kaimahi whakahaere me te tiaki. Nō reira, he mea tino nui te taputapu pana hiko-teitei, ā, he mea nui tōna mahi haumaru me te pono ki te pūnaha hiko.

1. Te whakarōpūtanga o ngā taputapu whakawhiti hiko teitei

Momo Hanganga:
Momo Ārai Ka wehea, ka whakapūmautia hoki ngā momo katoa e ngā pereti whakarewa, pērā i te momo KYN me te momo KGN
Momo āputa Ka wehea ngā momo katoa e tētahi, neke atu rānei, pereti kore-whakarewa, pērā i te momo JYN
He anga whakarewa te momo pouaka, engari he iti iho te maha o ngā wāhanga i tērā o te mākete patu, o te momo wāhanga rānei, pērā i te momo XGN.
Te whakatakotoranga o te kaiwawao hiko:
Momo papa I tau te kāreti ringa o te whati ara iahiko, ā, i panaia ki roto i te kāpata
Kei waenganui o te kāpata whakawhiti te kāreti ringaringa e mau ana i waenganui, ā, me uta me tango te kāreti ringaringa.

Kāreti ringaringa waenga-mau

Kāreti ringaringa papa

Momo ārai
Taputapu whakawhiti whakarewa kua katihia ki te hau
Taputapu whakawhiti whakarewa kua katihia ki te hau SF6 (kāpata pupuhi)

2. Hanganga hanganga o te kāpata pana hiko teitei KYN

He mea tito te kāpata whakawhiti i te tinana kāpata pumau me ngā wāhanga ka taea te tango (e kiia ana ko te kāreti ringaringa)

 

kotahi. Kāpata
He mea hanga te anga me ngā wehewehenga o te taputapu whakawhiti ki te pereti maitai konumohe-konutea. He tino tika te kāpata katoa, he ātete ki te waikura me te waikura, engari he kaha miihini teitei hoki, ā, he ātaahua te āhua. He hanganga huihui te kāpata, ā, he nati rivet me ngā pūtu kaha teitei te hononga. Nō reira, ka taea e te taputapu whakawhiti kua huihui te pupuri i te ōritetanga o ngā ine.
Kua wehea te kāpata pana ki te rūma kāreti ringaringa, te rūma pae pahi, te rūma taura me te rūma taputapu whakawhiti mā roto i ngā wehewehenga, ā, he pai te hononga o ia wāhanga ki te whenua.
Rūma Pahi-A
Kei te taha whakarunga o muri o te kāpata pana te rūma pae pahi hei tāuta me te whakarite i ngā pae pahi AC ngaohiko teitei-toru-wāhanga, hei hono atu hoki ki ngā hononga tūmau mā roto i ngā pae pahi peka. He kirihou te hiri o ngā pae pahi katoa me ngā ringaringa whakamahana. Ina haere te pae pahi mā roto i te wehewehenga o te kāpata pana, ka mau ki te pūmau pahi. Mena ka puta he pewa hapa ā-roto, ka taea te whakawhāiti i te horapa o te aituā ki ngā kāpata tata, ā, ka whakarite i te kaha ā-pūkaha o te pae pahi.

 

Rūma waka-ringa (kaiwawao ara iahiko) B
Kua tāutahia he ara ārahi motuhake ki roto i te rūma whati hiko kia taea ai e te taraka whati hiko te neke me te mahi ki roto. Ka taea e te kāreti ringaringa te neke i waenga i te tūranga mahi me te tūranga whakamātautau. Kua tāutahia te ārai (mahanga) o te hononga tūmau ki te pakitara o muri o te rūma kāreti ringaringa. Ina neke te kāreti ringaringa mai i te tūranga whakamātautau ki te tūranga mahi, ka tuwhera aunoa te ārai, ā, ka nekehia te kāreti ringaringa ki te taha ke kia tino honoa, kia kore ai te kaiwhakahaere e pā ki te tinana kua utaina.
Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā kaiwawao hiko ki ngā momo rauemi tinei pewa:
• Ngā whati hiko hinu. Kua wehea kia maha ake ngā whati hiko hinu, kia iti ake ngā whati hiko hinu. He hononga katoa ēnei e whakatuwheratia ana, e honoa ana ki te hinu, ā, ko te hinu whakawhiti hiko te mea e whakamahia ana hei arai tinei pewa.
• He whati ara iahiko hau kōpeke. He whati ara iahiko e whakamahi ana i te hau kōpeke pēhanga teitei hei pupuhi i te pewa.
• Pūwhakawhiti hiko SF6. He pūwhakawhiti hiko e whakamahi ana i te hau SF6 hei pupuhi i te pewa.
• Pūwhakawātea hiko korehau. He pūwhakawātea hiko e whakatuwheratia ana, e katia ana hoki ngā hononga i roto i te korehau, ā, ka tineia te pewa i raro i ngā āhuatanga korehau.
•Wāhi pakaru hiko whakaputa hau totoka. He wāhi pakaru hiko e whakamahi ana i ngā rauemi whakaputa hau totoka hei tinei i te pewa mā te whakapōrearea i te hau i raro i te mahi a te pāmahana teitei o te pewa.
• Pūwhakaweto hiko pupuhi aukume. He pūwhakaweto hiko e pupuhihia ai te pewa ki roto i te whatunga tinei pewa e te papa aukume i te rangi, kia roa ai, kia whakamatao ai hei tinei i te pewa.

 

E ai ki ngā momo pūngao rerekē o te pūngao whakahaere e whakamahia ana e te pūnaha whakahaere, ka taea te wehewehe i te pūnaha whakahaere kia whai ake nei:
Tikanga ā-ringa (CS): E pā ana ki te tikanga whakahaere e whakamahi ana i te mana tangata hei kati i te pērai.
2. Tikanga hiko aukume (CD): e pā ana ki te tikanga whakahaere e whakamahi ana i ngā hiko aukume hei kati.
3. Tikanga puna (CT): e pā ana ki tētahi tikanga whakahaere kati puna e whakamahi ana i te tangata, i te motuka rānei hei penapena pūngao i roto i te puna kia tutuki ai te kati.
4. Tikanga mōtini (CJ): e pā ana ki te tikanga whakahaere e whakamahi ana i te mōtini hei kati me te whakatuwhera.
5. Tikanga waipēhi (CY): e pā ana ki te tikanga whakahaere e whakamahi ana i te hinu pēhanga teitei hei pana i te piston kia kati ai, kia tuwhera ai hoki.
6. Tikanga hau (CQ): e pā ana ki te tikanga whakahaere e whakamahi ana i te hau kōpeke hei pana i te piston kia kati, kia tuwhera hoki.
7. Tikanga aukume tuturu: Ka whakamahia he aukume tuturu hei pupuri i te tūranga o te kaiwawao ara iahiko. He mahi hikohiko, he pupuri aukume tuturu, he tikanga whakahaere hiko hoki.

Rūma taura-C
Ka taea te tāuta i ngā whakawhiti hiko, ngā pana whenua, ngā ārai uira (ngā parenga ngaohiko nui), ngā taura me ētahi atu taputapu āwhina ki roto i te rūma taura, ā, ka whakaritea he pereti konumohe kua tapahia, ka taea te tango ki raro hei whakarite i te whai huatanga o te hanganga i te papaanga.

Rūma taputapu D-relay
Kei roto i te rūma whakawhiti ngā taputapu tiaki rorohiko iti, ngā kakau whakahaere, ngā pereti pehanga putanga tiaki, ngā mita, ngā tohu tūnga (ngā whakaaturanga tūnga rānei), me ētahi atu; kei roto i te rūma whakawhiti ngā poraka tauranga, ngā pana hiko DC mō te tiaki rorohiko iti, me ngā mahi tiaki rorohiko iti. Te pūhiko hiko DC, te pana hiko mahi mō te motuka rokiroki pūngao (DC, AC rānei), me ngā taputapu tuarua me ngā whakaritenga motuhake.

E toru ngā tūranga i roto i te kāreti ringaringa whakawhiti

Tūranga mahi: kua honoa te kaiwawao hiko ki ngā taputapu matua. I muri i te katinga, ka tukuna te hiko mai i te pahi ki te raina tuku hiko mā te kaiwawao hiko.

Tūnga whakamātautau: Ka taea te whakauru i te mono tuarua ki roto i te putanga hiko hei tiki i te pūtake hiko. Ka taea te kati i te kaiwawao hiko, te whakatuwhera i te mahi, me te rama tohu e rite ana; Kāore he hononga o te kaiwawao hiko ki ngā taputapu tuatahi, ā, ka taea e ia te whakahaere i ngā mahi maha, engari kāore he pānga ki te taha kawenga, nō reira ka kiia ko te tūranga whakamātautau.

Tūnga tiaki: kāore he pa i waenga i te kaiwawao hiko me te taputapu matua (pahi), kua ngaro te mana whakahaere (kua momotuhia te mono tuarua), ā, kei te tūranga whakatuwhera te kaiwawao hiko.

Pūrere raka whakawhiti kāpata

He taputapu raka pono kei roto i te kāpata pana hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te aukati e rima, ā, hei tiaki pai i te haumaru o ngā kaiwhakahaere me ngā taputapu.

A. Kei te tatau o te rūma taputapu he pātene whakaaro, he pana whakawhiti rānei hei ārai i te kati me te wehewehe hē o te kaiwawao ara iahiko.

B, kei te tūnga whakamātautau, kei te tūnga mahi rānei te ringa o te kaiwhata ara iahiko, ka taea te whakahaere i te kaiwhata ara iahiko, ā, i te kati o te kaiwhata ara iahiko, kāore e taea te neke i te ringa, kia kore ai e pāngia te kawenga e te kakau pana hē o te motuka.

C. Mēnā kei te tūranga tuwhera te pana whenua, ka taea te neke i te kāreti ringa o te kaiwhata ara iahiko mai i te tūranga whakamātautau/tiaki ki te tūranga mahi. Mēnā kei te tūranga whakamātautau/tiaki te taraka ringa o te kaiwhata ara iahiko, ka taea te whakahaere i te pana whenua. Mā tēnei, ka taea te ārai i te whakakā hē o te pana whenua, ā, ka ārai hoki i te whakakā wā o te pana whenua.

D. Ina kei te tūranga tuwhera te pana whenua, kāore e taea te whakatuwhera i te tatau o raro me te tatau o muri o te kāpata pana hei ārai i te wā hiko tūpono.

E, kei te ringa o te kaiwhata ara iahiko i roto i te tūranga whakamātautau, i te tūranga mahi rānei, kāore he ngaohiko whakahaere, ka taea anake te mahi me te whakatuwheratanga ā-ringa kāore e taea te kati.

F. Ina kei te tūranga mahi te motuka ringa o te whati ara iahiko, kua raka te mono tuarua, ā, kāore e taea te unuhia.

 

G, ka taea e ia tinana kāpata te whakamahi i te hononga hiko.

H. Ko te hononga i waenga i te raina tuarua o te taputapu whakawhiti me te raina tuarua o te kāreti ringaringa o te kaiwawao ara iahiko ka tutuki mā te mono tuarua ā-ringa. Ko te hononga neke o te mono tuarua ka honoa ki te kāreti ringaringa o te kaiwawao ara iahiko mā te ngongo whakaheke nairona kōpikopiko. Ko te kāreti ringaringa o te kaiwawao ara iahiko anake i te tūranga whakamātautau, momotu, ka taea te mono me te tango i te mono tuarua, ko te kāreti ringaringa o te kaiwawao ara iahiko i te tūranga mahi nā te hononga ā-mīhini, kua raka te mono tuarua, kāore e taea te tango.

3. Te tukanga whakahaere o te taputapu whakawhiti hiko teitei

Ahakoa kua oti te whakarite kia tika te raupapa o te mahi a te taputapu whakawhiti, me whai tonu te kaiwhakahaere i ngā tikanga whakahaere me ngā whakaritenga e pā ana ki te whakahaere taputapu whakawhiti, kaua e waiho hei mahi whiriwhiri, kaua hoki e mau tonu ki te mahi me te kore tātaritanga, ki te kore ka ngāwari te kino o te taputapu, ka puta he aituā.

Te tukanga whakahaere tuku taputapu whakawhiti ngaohiko teitei

(1) Katia ngā tatau kāpata katoa me ngā pereti hiri o muri, ka raka.

(2) Whakauruhia te kakau whakahaere o te pana whenua ki roto i te kōhao hexagonal kei te taha matau o raro o te tatau waenga, hurihia ki te taha maui mō te 90° kia puta ai te pana whenua ki te tūranga tuwhera, tangohia te kakau whakahaere, ka hoki aunoa te papa raka i te kōhao whakahaere, ka taupokina te kōhao whakahaere, ā, ka raka te tatau o muri o te kāpata pana.

(3) Tirohia mēnā he noa ngā taputapu me ngā tohu o te tatau o runga o te kāpata. Me kā te rama hiko o te taputapu tiaki rorohiko iti noa, me kā te rama tūnga whakamātautau ringa, me te rama tohu whakatuwheratanga o te whati ara iahiko me te rama tohu rokiroki hiko. Ki te kore e kanapa ngā tohu katoa, whakatuwheratia te tatau o te kāpata, whakaū kua kati te pana hiko pahi, ki te mea kua kati, kāore anō kia kanapa te rama tohu, me tirotiro te porowhita whakahaere.

(4) whakauruhia te pine o te porotiti porotiti o te kaata hiko, ka pēhi kaha, ka huri te porotiti kia matau, ka huri te porotiti kia 6 kv mō te 20 takahuri, ka mau ki te porotiti, ka kitea he tangi "pāwhiri" i te wa e tangohia ai te porotiti, ka mau te kaata hiko ki te tūranga mahi i tēnei wā, ka raka te mono tuarua, ka takahuri mā roto i te ringa o te porotiti, ka kite i te tohu e pā ana (i tēnei wā ngā rama mahi tūranga barrow, i te wa ano, ka mate te rama tūranga whakamātautau ringa), i te wa ano, me mōhio ko te wa e mahi ana te ringa, ka raka te pereti honohono i te kōhao mahi o te maripi whenua, ā, kāore e taea te pēhi.

(5) te whakahaere i te taputapu i runga i te tatau, whakawhiti i te mana whakawhiti o te kaiwawao ara iahiko, ka kati te taputapu i te rama tohu whero i runga i te tatau i te wa ano, ka tohu te rama parai matomato, tirohia te whakaaturanga hiko o te taputapu, te waahi o nga tohu miihini o te kaiwawao ara iahiko me etahi atu tohu e pa ana, he pai nga mea katoa, 6 (te whakahaere, te pana, ka whakaatu mai ki a tatou te kakau e huri ana i te taha matau ki te waahi o te papa, me tautuhi aunoa te kakau whakahaere ki te tuunga kua whakaritea i mua).

(6) ki te whakatuwheratia aunoa te kaiwawao hiko i muri i te katinga, i te whakatuwheratanga aunoa rānei i te wā e mahi ana, me whakatau te take o te hapa, ā, me whakakore te hapa, ka taea te tuku anō i runga i te tikanga i runga ake nei.

4. Te tikanga whakahaere o te kaiwawao ara iahiko

1, tikanga mahi hikohiko

He hangarau pakari te tikanga whakahaere hiko-aukati, e whakamahi ana i tētahi momo tikanga whakahaere o mua mō te pakaru ara iahiko, he māmā noa iho tōna hanganga, tata ki te 120 ngā wāhanga miihini, e whakamahi ana i te kaha hiko-aukati e puta mai ana i te iahiko i roto i te matua pana o te koiri kati, e whakamahi ana i te kaha hiko-aukati e puta mai ana i te iahiko i roto i te matua pana o te koiri kati, e whakamahi ana i te tikanga hononga katinga pānga hei katinga, ko te rahi o tōna kaha katinga e whakawhirinaki katoa ana ki te rahi o te iahiko whakawhiti, nō reira, me nui te iahiko katinga.

Ko ngā painga o te pūnaha whakahaere hikohiko e whai ake nei:

He māmā te hanganga, he pono ake te mahi, kāore i te tino teitei ngā whakaritenga tukatuka, he māmā te hanga, he iti te utu whakaputa;

Ka taea te whakatutuki i te mahi mana mamao me te kati aunoa;

He pai ngā āhuatanga o te tere kati me te tere whakatuwheratanga.

Ko ngā ngoikoretanga o te tikanga mahi hikohiko ko:

He nui te ia kati, ā, he nui te mana e pau ana i te koiri kati, e hiahia ana ki te tuku hiko whakahaere DC mana-teitei.

He nui te ia kati, ā, kāore e taea e te hononga āwhina whānui me te hononga whakawhiti te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga. Me whai taputapu hononga DC motuhake, ā, me whakamahi te hononga o te hononga DC me te koiri pehanga pewa hei whakahaere i te ia kati, kia taea ai te whakahaere i te mahi o te koiri kati me te whakatuwheratanga;

He iti te tere o te mahi a te pūnaha whakahaere, he iti te pēhanga o te whakapā, he ngāwari te peke o te whakapā, he roa te wā kati, ā, he nui te awe o te huringa o te ngaohiko hiko ki te tere kati;

Te utu o ngā rauemi, te mīhini nunui;

Ko te tinana o te whati ara iahiko o waho me te pūnaha whakahaere e huihui tahi ana. Ko tēnei momo whati ara iahiko whakauru he mahi hiko, he mahi hiko me te mahi ā-ringa anake, kāore he mahi ā-ringa. Mena ka rahua te pūnaha whakahaere, ka kore te whati ara iahiko e mahi hiko, me mutu te mahi.

2, pūnaha whakahaere puna

E whā ngā wāhanga o te pūnaha whakahaere puna: te rokiroki pūngao puna, te tiaki kati, te tiaki whakatuwhera, te whakatuwheratanga, he nui ake te maha o ngā wāhanga, tata ki te 200, mā te whakamahi i te pūngao kua rongoatia e te puna e totoro ana, e whakaheke ana hoki i te pūnaha hei whakahaere i te kati me te whakatuwheratanga o te kaiwawao ara iahiko. Ka tutuki te rokiroki pūngao o te puna mā te whakahaere i te pūnaha whakaheke tere o te motuka rokiroki pūngao, ā, ko te mahi kati me te whakatuwheratanga o te kaiwawao ara iahiko e whakahaerehia ana e te koiri kati me te whakatuwheratanga, nō reira ko te pūngao o te mahi kati me te whakatuwheratanga o te kaiwawao ara iahiko e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pūngao kua rongoatia e te puna, ā, kāore he pānga ki te rahi o te kaha hikohiko, ā, kāore e hiahiatia he nui rawa te ia kati me te whakatuwheratanga.

Ko ngā painga o te pūnaha whakahaere puna e whai ake nei:

Kāore i te nui te au o te kati me te whakatuwheratanga, kāore e hiahiatia he mana whakahaere nui;

Ka taea te whakamahi mō te rokiroki hiko mamao, te kati me te whakatuwhera hiko, me te rokiroki hiko ā-ringa ā-rohe, te kati me te whakatuwhera ā-ringa. Nō reira, ka taea hoki te whakamahi mō te kati me te whakatuwhera ā-ringa ina ngaro te pūtake hiko whakahaere, ina kore rānei te pūnaha whakahaere e mahi. He tere te kati me te whakatuwhera, kāore e pāngia e te huringa o te ngaohiko pūtake hiko, ā, ka taea te tere te kati anō aunoa;

He iti te mana o te mōta rokiroki pūngao, ā, ka taea te whakamahi mō te hiko AC me te DC.

Ka taea e te pūnaha whakahaere puna te whakawhiti pūngao kia whiwhi ai i te taurite pai rawa atu, ā, ka taea te hanga i ngā momo whakatakotoranga katoa o te pakaru o te iahiko ki te whakamahi i te momo pūnaha whakahaere kotahi, ka taea te whiriwhiri i ngā momo puna rokiroki pūngao rerekē, he whai hua hoki.

Ko ngā ngoikoretanga matua o te pūnaha whakahaere puna ko:

He uaua te hanganga, he uaua te tukanga hanga, he teitei te tika o te tukatuka, he tino teitei te utu hanga;

He nui te kaha mahi, he nui ngā whakaritenga mō te kaha o ngā wāhanga;

He ngāwari ki te puta he rahunga miihini, ā, ka kore e neke te pūnaha mahi, ka tahuna te koiri kati, te pana haere rānei;

He āhuatanga peke teka tēnei, i ētahi wā kāore te peke teka i te wāhi tika i muri i te whakatuwheratanga, kāore e taea te whakatau i tōna tūranga whakakotahi;

He ngoikore ngā āhuatanga o te tere whakatuwheratanga.

3, tikanga mahi aukume tuturu

Ko te tikanga whakahaere aukume tuturu he mea whakamahi i te mātāpono mahi me te hanganga o tētahi mea hou, he aukume tuturu, he koiri kati me te koiri pakaru-pēki, he pūnaha whakahaere puna whakakorekore o te pūnaha whakahaere me te nekehanga aukume hiko, he tokotoko hono, he taputapu raka, he hanganga māmā, he iti noa ngā wāhanga, tata ki te 50, kotahi anake te wāhanga matua e neke ana i te mahi, he tino pono. Ka whakamahia he aukume tuturu hei pupuri i te tūranga o te pakaru ara iahiko. He pūnaha whakahaere o te mahi aukume hiko, te pupuri aukume tuturu me te whakahaere hiko.

Te mātāpono mahi o te tikanga whakahaere o te aukume tuturu: Whai muri i te kati o te koiri hiko, ka tū te ara iahiko aukume whakaputa me te aukume tuturu ki te taha whakamuri o te rerenga aukume, ka neke te matua hihiri ki raro i te kaha aukume i puta mai i te taupatupatu o ngā papa aukume e rua, ā, i muri i te nekehanga ki te haurua o te nekehanga, nā te mea ka heke te āputa hau aukume o raro, ka neke ngā rārangi papa aukume aukume tuturu ki raro, he rite tonu te ahunga ki te papa aukume o te koiri kati me te papa aukume tuturu, kia tere ai te neke o te matua rino ki raro. I tēnei wā, ka ngaro te iahiko kati. Ka whakamahia e te aukume tuturu te hongere iti o te aukume-ārai e whakaratohia ana e ngā matua rino neke me te pūmau hei pupuri i te matua rino neke i te tūranga pumau o te kati. Ina pakaru te hiko o te koiri pakaru-pēki, ka puta i te raro o te ara iahiko aukume me te aukume tuturu i te taha ke o te rerenga aukume, ka puta te kaha aukume i hangaia e te taupatupatu o ngā papa aukume e rua ka neke ake te matua hihiri, i muri i te nekehanga ki te haurua o te haerenga, nā te mea ka heke te āputa hau o runga o te ara iahiko aukume, ka whakawhitia te raina kaha aukume aukume tuturu ki te taha o runga, ka whakawhitia te papa aukume koiri pēki me te papa aukume aukume tuturu ki te taha kotahi, kia tere ake te neke o te matua rino ki runga, ka tae ki te tūranga haurua, ina ngaro te ia o te kuaha, ka whakamahia e te aukume tuturu te hongere iti o te aukume-ārai e whakaratohia ana e ngā matua rino neke me te pūmau hei pupuri i te matua rino neke i te āhua pumau o te whakatuwheratanga.

Ko ngā painga o te pūnaha whakahaere aukume tuturu koia ēnei:

Whakamahia he tikanga takai takirua, pumau. Mā te tikanga whakahaere aukume pumau o te mahi kati ira, ka taea te whakamahi i tētahi aukume pumau hei taurite i te takai kati, kia pai ake ai te whakaoti rapanga o ngā ira ina huri ki te kaha teitei. Nā te mea he aukume pumau te kaha aukume, ka taea te whakamahi hei mahi kati, ka taea te whakaiti i ngā ira hei whakarato i te kaha mō te takai kati, kia kore ai e nui rawa te iahiko mahi kati e hiahiatia ana.

Mā te nekehanga whakarunga, whakararo hoki o te matua rino e neke ana, mā roto i te ringa huri, ka mahi te tokotoko ārai i te hononga hihiri o te rūma whakapūngao korehau o te kaiwawao ara iahiko, ka whakatinanahia ngā pūwāhi kaiwawao ara iahiko, ka whakakapia te tikanga tuku iho o te raka miihini, ka tino māmā ake te hanganga miihini, ka whakaitihia ngā rauemi, ka iti ake te utu, ka whakaitihia te pūwāhi hapa, ka tino whakapai ake i te pono o te mahi miihini, ka taea te whakatutuki i te tiaki kore utu, me te penapena utu tiaki.

Kāore e ngaro te kaha aukume tuturu o te pūnaha whakahaere aukume tuturu, ā, ko te roanga o te ora mahi he 100,000 ngā wā. Ka whakamahia te kaha aukume mō te whakatuwhera me te kati, ā, ka whakamahia te kaha aukume tuturu mō te pupuri i te tūranga pumau, e whakangawari ana i te pūnaha tuku me te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao me te haruru o te pūnaha whakahaere. Ko te roanga o te ora mahi o te pūnaha whakahaere aukume tuturu he neke atu i te 3 ngā wā i te roanga o te ora mahi o te pūnaha whakahaere aukume me te pūnaha whakahaere puna.

Whakamahia te pana hiko tata kore-pa, kāore e neke, kāore e mau, kāore hoki e pekepeke hei pana āwhina. Kāore he raruraru whakapā kino, he pono te mahi, kāore e pāngia e te taiao o waho, he roa te ora, he tino pono, hei whakatau i te raruraru o te pekepeke whakapā.

Whakamahia te hangarau whakawhiti whakawhiti kore-kore tukutahi. I raro i te mana whakahaere o te pūnaha whakahaere hiko, ka taea e te kaiwawao hiko te whakapā hihiri me te pao i te pakaru hiko te pūnaha i ia taumata, i roto i te ngaru hiko o te iahiko mā te kore i te pakaru, he iti te kaha o te iahiko tomo me te kaha o te ngaohiko nui, hei whakaiti i te pānga ki te mahi whatunga me ngā taputapu, ā, he matapōkere te tikanga whakahaere hikohiko me te mahi o te tikanga whakahaere puna, ka taea te whakaputa i te iahiko tomo nui me te kaha o te ngaohiko nui, he pānga nui ki ngā whatunga hiko me ngā taputapu.

Ka taea e te tikanga whakahaere aukume tuturu te whakatutuki i te mahi whakatuwhera me te kati ā-rohe/mamao, ka taea hoki te whakatutuki i te mahi kati me te kati anō tiaki, ka taea te whakatuwhera ā-ringa. Nā te iti o te mahi o te kaha hiko e hiahiatia ana, ka whakamahia ngā pūnga hiko mō te tuku hiko whakawhiti tika, he poto te wā utu pūnga hiko, he iti te iahiko utu, he kaha te ātete pānga, ā, i muri i te motuhanga o te hiko ka taea tonu te whakamahi i te kaiwawao ara iahiko ki te whakaweto me te whakaweto.

Ko ngā ngoikoretanga matua o te pūnaha whakahaere aukume tuturu ko:

Kāore e taea te kati ā-ringa, i te wā e mahi ana te pūnaha hiko kua ngaro, kua pau te mana o te pūnga, ki te kore e taea te utu i te pūnga, kāore e taea te kati i te mahi;

Whakatuwhera ā-ringa, me nui te tere whakatuwheratanga tuatahi, kia nui ai te kaha e hiahiatia ana, ki te kore e kore e taea te whakahaere;

Kāore i te ōrite te kounga o ngā pūnga rokiroki pūngao, ā, he uaua ki te whakamana;

He uaua ki te whiwhi i te āhuatanga tere whakatuwheratanga tino pai;

He uaua ki te whakanui ake i te mana putanga whakatuwheratanga o te pūnaha whakahaere o te aukume tuturu.